Fundamentals of Lithography

Figure 1 shows a typical lithography process for defining shallow trench isolation features. This process includes the following steps:

1. Substrate Cleaning and Preparation

2. Form a thermal oxide layer and deposit a layer of silicon nitride on a clean substrate

3. Deposit a carbon hard mask followed by a layer of anti-reflection material

4. Deposit a layer of photoresist

5. Pre-baked photoresist

6. Align the substrate/resist and reticle and expose the photoresist using UV radiation and 4x-5x imaging. Repeat steps and scan

7. Post-exposure bake

8. Develop pattern in photoresist and hard bake to remove residual solvent

9. Perform an etch to open the Dielectric Anti-Reflection Coating (DARC) and hardmask patterns, and remove the photoresist and DARC

10. Perform an etch to open trenches in the substrate and remove the hardmask

11. Clean the surface

Deep UV Lithography

DUV technology for lithography is entirely based on projection optics, as the pattern on the photomask is much larger than the final pattern formed on the photoresist. The optical system in a 193 nm lithography tool is called a catadioptric system. The term means it uses lens (refractive) and reflective (reflection) elements to direct and condition the light from the laser

Extreme UV Lithography

EUV lithography is being developed to meet single-exposure patterning requirements for sub-22nm feature sizes (Figure 3). What makes this technology unique is the nature of the light source. See Extreme UV Lithography for more information.

Hecho Fiber specializing in design and manufacture Fiber Optic Bundles and Fiber Optic Light Sources for over 18 years, the Fiber Products are widely used for Semiconductor filed, such as Laser Direct Imaging LDI Fiber Bundle, Fiber Optic Line Lights for AOI, and so on. OEM and ODM service is available to meet the differentiated needx of different customers. 

At present, the mass production accuracy (line width) achieved by the domestic LDI lithography machine, the optical maskless is currently understood at 1UM+.

In October 2024, LVSUN will proudly present its latest innovative multi-port charger product designs at the Hong Kong GSC Exhibition, drawing significant attention from industry professionals. The exhibition will focus on LVSUN’s multi-port charging solutions ranging from 30W to 2000W, highlighting the company’s leadership and commitment to continuous innovation in the charging technology sector.

Leading the Trend with Innovative Design

LVSUN continually updates its charging product designs to provide users with a convenient and efficient charging experience. The showcased multi-port chargers can charge multiple devices simultaneously, meeting users' everyday charging needs. Whether it’s smartphones, tablets, or laptops, LVSUN's multi-port chargers efficiently support a variety of devices.

Flexible Power Options

LVSUN's product range spans from 30W to 2000W, allowing users to choose the most suitable product based on their needs. For home users, we offer low-power charging solutions for daily use, while the 2000W products cater to commercial users requiring high-power charging solutions for heavy loads.

Intelligent Protection Technology

LVSUN's multi-port products incorporate advanced intelligent protection technologies to prevent overcharging, short circuits, and overheating, ensuring a safe and reliable charging experience for every user.

Commitment to Green and Sustainable Practices

Alongside technological innovation, LVSUN adheres to green and sustainable principles. Our designs prioritize functionality, safety, and environmental impact, utilizing sustainable materials and energy-efficient designs to minimize environmental impact.LVSUN looks forward to sharing our innovative products and ideas with industry partners. We welcome all attendees to visit our booth 6P20 of Global Sources Consumer Electronics 2024 to learn more about our new series of multi-port chargers.

LVSUN looks forward to sharing our innovative products and ideas with industry partners. We welcome all attendees to visit our booth 6P20 of Global Sources Consumer Electronics 2024 to learn more about our new series of multi-port chargers.

4.3-inch TFT LCD is one of the sizes with the highest demand in the display industry. Because of its moderate size and superior display performance, it can adapt to the needs of customers in different industries and has sufficient market competition in price. It has always been one of the most mainstream size.

Firstlly，4.3 inch means that the diagonal length of the TFT LCD screen is 4.3 inch (about 10.92 cm), which is the physical size of the screen.

Then, Resolution describes the number of pixels that the screen can display in the horizontal and vertical directions. 

What resolutions does 4.3-inch TFT have? How should we choose when selecting solution?

Common resolutions

The most common resolutions of 4.3-inch TFT display include 480*272 resolution and 800*480 resolution:

4.3 inch 480*272  TFT LCD:

• Features:  This 480*272 resolution is the most conventional resolution. TFT display manufacturers have been in mass production for many years. The supply is stable, the price is competitive, and it has a high cost performance.
• Applicable scenarios:  Suitable for applications that do not have particularly high display requirements, such as basic text display, simple graphical interface, etc. 4.3 inch 480*272  TFT LCDs are generally more optimized in terms of cost and power consumption, making them suitable for some devices with limited budgets or strict power constraints.

4.3 inch 800*480 TFT LCD:

• Features:  The high resolution 800*480, providing higher definition and able to present more delicate images and video effects.
• Applicable scenarios:  Suitable for occasions requiring high-definition display, such as high-definition video playback, image processing and other applications. Many high-end smart products will choose this resolution as their display terminal.
• In addition, this resolution is also divided into two options: landscape mode 800*480 and portrait mode 480*800, which can be selected according to specific needs.

Selection suggestions:

1. Select according to application requirements:

If the device is mainly used for text display or simple graphical interfaces and has high requirements on cost and power consumption, it is recommended to choose a 4.3 inch 480*272 resolution display.

If the device needs to display high-definition images or videos and users pursue a better visual experience, it is recommended to choose 4.3-inch 800*480 TFT LCD.

2. Consider hardware support:

High-resolution screens require more powerful hardware support to drive, so when selecting, you need to ensure that the device's processor and graphics card performance are capable of meeting the display requirements of the selected resolution.

3. Budget considerations:

Generally speaking, high-resolution displays are relatively expensive. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider budget factors when selecting a model to ensure that the selected solution meets the needs and has a good cost performance.

4. Compatibility and stability:

When selecting, you also need to consider the compatibility and stability of the display and the device. It is recommended to choose brands and models that have been proven by the market and have a good reputation to ensure product reliability and stability.

In summary, 4.3 inch TFT LCD display has a wide range of applications, covering industrial control, medical equipment, smart home, automotive electronics and many other fields. Users can choose appropriate resolutions and display solutions based on specific application requirements to meet different display needs.

We Shengfeng produces and supplies various 4.3 TFT LCDs with resolution options of 480*272, 480*800, and 800*480. We can customize according to customer needs, select driver ICs and interfaces such as RGB interface, MIPI interface, and design and customize FPC/backlight/RTP/CTP air bonding/optical bonding solutions as required.

In today's modern digital era, display technology has indeed become an integral part of our lives. As the most popular used display technologies, TFT LCD display and OLED display are featured with their unique characteristics.

TFT LCD, based on Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display technology, it illuminates the liquid crystal layer through a backlight source to display images. It is also one of the most widely used LCD display technologies.

TFT LCD Advantages:

• Low Cost: TFT LCD display is more economical than OLED due to its lower production cost. 
• High Brightness: TFT LCD display offer high brightness, suitable for use in bright environments.
• Long Lifetime: Compared to OLED display, TFT LCD have a longer lifetime and are less prone to burn-in issues. 
• Eye-friendly Usage: LCD display(including TFT LCD) typically use DC dimming technology, which helps reduce screen flickering and is gentler on the eyes.

TFT LCD Disadvantages:

• Slow Response Time: TFT LCD has a relatively slow response time, which may cause ghosting when displaying dynamic images.
• Narrow Viewing Angle: Standard TN-type TFT LCD has a narrow viewing angle, where image colors and contrast may change when viewed from different angles.
• High Power Consumption: The backlight of TFT LCD consumes significant power, affecting battery life.

OLED Display:  it is a thin film made of organic light-emitting materials that emit light directly when an electric current passes through, eliminating the need for a backlight module.

AMOLED technology is similar to OLED but uses an active matrix as the bottom film, enabling it to display finer images and clearer text.

OLED Advantages:

• Color & Contrast: OLED display is renowned for its exceptional color saturation and contrast, achieving true blacks and infinite contrast ratios.
• Fast Response Time: OLED display has extremely fast response times, virtually eliminating ghosting in dynamic images, providing a smoother visual experience.
• Wide Viewing Angle: OLED has a significant advantage in viewing angles, with minimal impact on image color and brightness when viewed from different angles.
• Flexibility: OLED display can be flexible, enabling innovative usage scenarios such as foldable or curved screens.
• Low Power Consumption: Without a backlight, OLED is energy-efficient, ideal for portable devices.
• Thin Thinness: Without a backlight, OLED could be lighter and thinner.

OLED Disadvantages:

• Shorter Lifetime: OLED display have a relatively shorter lifespan due to the vulnerability of their light-emitting materials to oxidation and humidity.
• High Manufacturing Costs: The high manufacturing costs of OLED display contribute to the higher prices of some electronic devices.
• Eye Strain: OLED's self-emissive nature may put more strain on the eyes, especially after use for a long time.

To choose TFT LCD or OLED dislay? Users Need to consider: 

--Budget: If your budget is limited, TFT LCD screens may be a more suitable choice.

--Color & Image Quality: If you prioritize image quality, viewing angles, and response speed, and your budget allows, OLED display are the better option.

--Lifestime: If you want a device that can last long without frequent screen replacements, TFT LCD display may better suit your needs.

--Innovative Design: If you're interested in innovative designs like foldable or curved screens, OLED display are indispensable.

Both TFT LCD and OLED display have their unique strengths, and the choice between them depends on specific user needs and budgets in different usage scenarios.

ARABLAB, one of the premier scientific exhibitions in the region, kicked off its first day with tremendous success. Stand 845 at Sheikh Saeed Hall S1, CIQTEK, became a hub of activity as attendees flocked to explore the latest innovations in scientific instrumentation.

At Stand 845, visitors had the opportunity to engage with a team of experts and experience firsthand a range of high-performance products presented by CIQTEK, a leading provider of scientific instruments. The highlights of CIQTEK's showcase included:

1. Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM): With remarkable resolution and imaging capabilities, these instruments offer researchers an invaluable tool for studying samples at the microscale. The CIQTEK team shared insights into the various applications of SEM, ranging from material science to life sciences.

2. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: The EPR spectroscopy systems offered by CIQTEK captivated attendees with their ability to investigate the electronic structure and properties of materials. This powerful technique enables scientists to delve into the world of spin dynamics, free radicals, and magnetic materials, opening new avenues for research in chemistry, physics, and biomedicine.

3. Scanning NV Probe Microscopes: CIQTEK's cutting-edge scanning NV probe microscopes generated significant interest among visitors. These instruments utilize nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond to enable high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy at the nanoscale. With applications in nanotechnology, and materials characterization, the possibilities with NV probe microscopes are truly remarkable.

4. BET Surface Area & Pore Analyzers: Attendees at Stand 845 had the chance to explore CIQTEK  BET surface area and pore analyzers. These instruments deliver crucial insights into the porosity, surface area, and adsorption characteristics of various materials. From catalyst development to pharmaceutical research, the BET analyzers showcased CIQTEK's commitment to facilitating critical breakthroughs in multiple fields.

The CIQTEK team engaged in lively discussions with researchers, scientists, and industry professionals, sharing technical expertise and exploring collaborative opportunities. Attendees praised CIQTEK's commitment to innovation, reliability, and unmatched performance in the scientific instrumentation market.

As ARABLAB continues to unfold, visitors are eagerly anticipating further insights and demonstrations from CIQTEK's range of products. Stand 845 remains a must-visit destination, offering a unique opportunity to interact with experts and explore groundbreaking technologies shaping the future of scientific research

When it comes to tactical equipment, the Carbon Fiber Tactical Ladder stands above the rest as a game-changer. Engineered to provide the ultimate combination of durability, portability, and functionality, this revolutionary ladder is a must-have for any tactical enthusiast or professional. As a leading manufacturer in the industry, we take pride in delivering top-quality carbon fiber ladders that exceed expectations.

Unmatched Strength and Lightweight Design

One of the key advantages of the Carbon Fiber Tactical Ladder is its incredible strength-to-weight ratio. Crafted from high-quality carbon fiber materials, this ladder offers unparalleled robustness while remaining exceptionally lightweight. This means you can effortlessly carry it to any mission or adventure without compromising on stability or performance.

Versatility for Any Situation

Whether you’re an outdoor enthusiast, a military operator, or a first responder, the Carbon Fiber Tactical Ladder is designed to adapt to your needs. With its modular design, you can configure and adjust the ladder to fit various scenarios. Need to extend its height? No problem. Want to create a secure bridge or ramp? The ladder can be easily transformed to meet your requirements.

Uncompromising Quality at an Affordable Price

As a discerning buyer, you want the best product at a reasonable cost. That’s where our Carbon Fiber Tactical Ladders truly shine. Our commitment to exceptional craftsmanship ensures that each ladder is built to last, without breaking the bank. We believe that quality tactical equipment should be accessible to all, and our affordable pricing reflects this ethos.

Safety First, Always

Your safety is of utmost importance to us, and we have spared no expense in designing the Carbon Fiber Tactical Ladder to be safe and reliable. Equipped with non-slip rungs and ergonomic handrails, you can confidently climb and descend without any worries. Additionally, the ladder’s reinforced construction ensures stability even on uneven terrain, providing you with peace of mind during critical operations.

Durability that Withstands the Elements

When it comes to outdoor gear, durability is non-negotiable. Our Carbon Fiber Tactical Ladders are built to withstand the harshest conditions, from scorching desert heat to freezing mountain cold. The carbon fiber construction not only makes the ladder resistant to corrosion but also allows it to endure extreme environments and heavy use without compromising its performance.

Conclusion

The Carbon Fiber Tactical Ladder represents the pinnacle of innovation in tactical equipment. With its unmatched strength, lightweight design, and adaptability, it is a game-changer for professionals and enthusiasts alike. As a premier manufacturer, we deliver affordable ladders that prioritize safety, durability, and quality. Invest in our Carbon Fiber Tactical Ladder today and elevate your tactical prowess to new heights.

Are you looking to optimize the performance of your polymer pin and linepost insulators? Look no further than steel bracket base fittings. These unique and innovative fittings offer a range of benefits that can greatly improve the durability and efficiency of your insulator system. In this blog post, we will dive into the features and advantages of steel bracket base fittings, shedding light on why they are a must-have for any insulator enthusiast.

1. Unmatched Strength and Durability

One of the primary advantages of steel bracket base fittings is their exceptional strength and durability. These fittings are constructed from high-quality steel, which provides enhanced resistance to corrosion, impact, and extreme weather conditions. Unlike traditional insulator fittings that may degrade over time, steel bracket base fittings ensure long-lasting performance, thereby minimizing maintenance needs and reducing the risk of failure.

2. Superior Stability and Load Capacity

With steel bracket base fittings, stability is paramount. These fittings are designed to provide optimal stability and support for horizontal line post insulators. Whether facing heavy wind loads, line vibrations, or high-tension loads, steel bracket base fittings offer superior load-carrying capacity and structural integrity. This makes them ideal for demanding applications and ensures the safe and reliable operation of your insulator system.

3. Easy Installation and Adjustment

Another noteworthy feature of steel bracket base fittings is their ease of installation and adjustment. These fittings come with user-friendly designs, allowing for quick and hassle-free installation. Moreover, their adjustable features enable fine-tuning of the insulator’s position and angle, ensuring precise alignment and maximum efficiency. This flexibility during installation and adjustment saves both time and effort, making them a preferred choice for installers and maintenance personnel.

4. Enhanced Safety and Reliability

Ensuring the safety and reliability of your insulator system is crucial. Steel bracket base fittings offer exceptional insulation performance and electrical isolation, safeguarding against electrical faults and ensuring the integrity of your power distribution or transmission lines. By eliminating the risk of short circuits or ground faults, these fittings contribute to uninterrupted power supply and minimize the potential for accidents or service interruptions.

5. Versatility and Compatibility

Steel bracket base fittings are designed to accommodate a wide range of polymer pin and linepost insulators. Their versatile nature allows them to seamlessly integrate with different insulator systems, making them a suitable choice for various applications. Whether you are working with overhead power lines, distribution networks, or transmission systems, steel bracket base fittings provide a scalable solution while maintaining their efficacy in diverse environments.

In conclusion, steel bracket base fittings offer a plethora of unique features and benefits that greatly enhance the performance of your polymer pin and linepost insulators. With unmatched strength, superior stability, and easy installation, these fittings provide both reliability and value for money. By prioritizing safety, versatility, and durability, steel bracket base fittings are essential components for anyone seeking to maximize the efficiency and longevity of their insulator system. Upgrade your insulators today and experience the difference steel bracket base fittings can make in your power distribution network.

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) or Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique that plays a vital role in understanding the structure and properties of paramagnetic materials. Several companies are offering EPR spectroscopy solutions in the UK. This blog post will introduce some of these EPR brands, including their features, and pricing options.

Bruker Corporation

Bruker is a globally recognized brand known for its high sensitivity, versatility, and advanced software features, offering a full range of EPR spectrometers suitable for a variety of research applications. The price of a Bruker EPR system depends on the model and configuration.

CIQTEK

CIQTEK is a leading global manufacturer of EPR spectrometers and related accessories. Their EPR equipment is designed to provide the highest performance at a very competitive price and is an excellent choice for researchers in the UK. Website: https://www.ciqtekglobal.com/

Here are some advantages of CIQTEK EPR spectroscopy:

a. Cost-effective solutions: While EPR spectroscopy equipment is often expensive, CIQTEK strives to offer competitive pricing without compromising quality. They offer different pricing options so research groups and organizations with different budgets can use their instruments. In addition, they are committed to customer satisfaction to ensure that users get value for their investment.

b. Customizability: CIQTEK offers flexible EPR instrument configurations that allow researchers to customize EPR setups for specific experimental requirements. These include variable temperature control, multi-frequency capability, advanced spectroscopic techniques such as ELDOR and HYSCORE, and compatibility with a wide range of sample types (liquids, solids, and biomaterials.)

c. User-Friendly Interface: CIQTEK's instruments come with an intuitive software interface that is easy to use and suitable for researchers of all experience levels.

d. Excellent Customer Support: CIQTEK emphasizes customer satisfaction and provides excellent post-sales support, including training resources and technical support. Click to read CIQTEK global EPR customer stories and publications.

JEOL

JEOL is a well-known brand in the field of EPR spectroscopy, offering reliable, high-performance instruments. JEOL EPR instruments offer advanced features such as fast scanning capabilities, high signal-to-noise ratios, and user-friendly interfaces.

Oxford Instruments

Oxford Instruments is a leading supplier of scientific equipment including EPR spectrometers. They offer rugged and customizable EPR systems to suit a wide range of research needs.

In the field of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, researchers in the UK have access to a wide range of reliable, high-performance instruments from a variety of brands. From Bruker, JEOL, and Oxford Instruments, to the most competitive CIQTEK, there are options to suit a range of budgets and research needs. When considering a purchase, it is important to evaluate each brand's unique features, pricing, and benefits to make an informed decision.

In today’s fast-paced world, having a reliable and top-performing car camera lens is essential for any driver. With a multitude of options available, it can be overwhelming to choose the right one for your needs. In this article, we will compare and contrast two popular choices: the Super Wide-Angle Car Camera Lens and the Comprehensive Car Surround View Camera Lens. Additionally, we will touch upon other notable options, such as the Versatile Car Surveillance Lens, MTF truck panoramic camera lens, and Wide-angle Car Imaging Lens. Let’s dive in!

Super Wide-Angle Car Camera Lens

The Super Wide-Angle Car Camera Lens is a popular choice among car enthusiasts and professional drivers. With its exceptionally wide field of view, this lens allows you to capture a broader picture, minimizing blind spots and enhancing safety. Its wide-angle perspective ensures that you don’t miss any crucial details while driving or parking. Moreover, the lens delivers remarkable image quality, even in low-light conditions, making it a preferred choice for night-time driving.

Comprehensive Car Surround View Camera Lens

On the other hand, the Comprehensive Car Surround View Camera Lens offers a more holistic approach to car surveillance. This innovative lens employs multiple camera sensors strategically placed around the vehicle to provide a full 360-degree view of the surroundings. The real-time video feed is then stitched together to create a seamless and comprehensive view of your car’s environment. This lens not only eliminates blind spots but also aids in parking, maneuvering tight spaces, and prevents accidents caused by unaware pedestrians or objects.

Versatile Car Surveillance Lens

Apart from the Super Wide-Angle and Comprehensive Surround View lenses, another noteworthy option is the Versatile Car Surveillance Lens. This lens combines the benefits of both solutions to provide a wider field of view while maintaining the ability to monitor the entire vehicle’s surroundings. With advanced image processing technology and customizable settings, it offers flexibility and convenience tailored to your specific needs.

MTF Truck Panoramic Camera Lens and Wide-angle Car Imaging Lens

For those with specific requirements, the MTF truck panoramic camera lens and Wide-angle Car Imaging Lens are worth considering. The MTF truck panoramic camera lens is specially designed for larger vehicles, such as trucks and rigs, providing an enhanced view of blind spots and facilitating safe maneuvering. On the other hand, the Wide-angle Car Imaging Lens offers improved visual clarity and depth perception, making it ideal for capturing intricate road details or scenic drives.

In conclusion, choosing the right car camera lens depends on your individual preferences and requirements. If you prioritize a wider field of view and excellent image quality, the Super Wide-Angle Car Camera Lens is an excellent choice. On the other hand, if a comprehensive and all-encompassing view is what you seek, the Comprehensive Car Surround View Camera Lens may be the ideal option. For those looking for a balance between these two features, the Versatile Car Surveillance Lens provides a versatile solution. Consider your driving needs and make an informed decision to enhance your safety and driving experience.