IN, the distributor of CIQTEK, showcased the revolutionary SEM3200 at the 32nd International Materials Research Congress (IMRC2024, scheduled for August 18-23), garnering attention from researchers and experts in the field.

As an industry-leading Scanning Electron Microscope, the SEM3200 offers advanced imaging capabilities, enabling researchers to explore the intricacies of materials at the microscopic level.

"We are excited to introduce the SEM3200 to the global research community at the IMRC2024. This instrument represents a significant advancement in scanning electron microscopy, providing researchers with powerful imaging capabilities and precise analytical tools." staff said, "We believe that the SEM3200 will revolutionize the way researchers examine and understand materials, contributing to advancements in various industries such as petrochemicals, environmental protection, biomedicine, and energy."

CIQTEK has announced the successful installation of the SEM3200, a high-performance tungsten filament scanning electron microscope, at the prestigious Monterrey University laboratory. This advanced imaging system is set to revolutionize research in the field of characterize analysis and contribute to breakthroughs in various scientific disciplines.

The principal investigator at the Monterrey University laboratory, expressed his excitement about the new SEM3200 installation, stating, "The addition of this cutting-edge scanning electron microscope will significantly advance our research capabilities. The high-resolution imaging and analytical features of the SEM3200 will allow us to gain invaluable insights into microscopic imaging and analysis. We anticipate this instrument will play a pivotal role in driving discoveries in our field."

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), or electron spin resonance (ESR), is a powerful spectroscopic technique used to study the properties of materials with unpaired electrons. To perform EPR experiments, it is crucial to prepare high-quality EPR samples. In this blog post, we will describe step-by-step how to prepare EPR samples.

>> Materials:

- Sample matrix: This can be a solid sample, solution, or powder.

- EPR Tube or Sample Holder: Choose the appropriate EPR tube or sample holder for your sample size.

- Sample Preparation Tools: Mortar and pestle (for grinding), weighing balance, spatula or pipette, and other materials associated with the sample.

>> Steps

Step 1: Selecting a Sample

Select an appropriate sample for the EPR study. It can be a pure compound, a mixture, or a biological sample containing paramagnetic species. Make sure that the sample contains unpaired electrons so that the EPR signal will show up.

Step 2: Sample Cleaning

If the sample is impure or contains contaminants, it must be purified to obtain reliable EPR data. Depending on the nature of the sample, use appropriate purification techniques such as recrystallization, extraction, or chromatography.

Step 3: Sample Preparation for Solid Samples

a) Grinding: If the sample is solid, grind it to a fine powder using a mortar and pestle. This helps to improve the homogeneity of the sample and ensures that the EPR signal is representative.

b) Weighing: Use an accurate weighing balance to weigh the appropriate amount of powdered sample. The amount required will vary depending on the EPR instrument and sample sensitivity.

c) Sample Loading: Carefully transfer the weighed sample into the EPR tube or sample holder. Ensure that the sample is evenly distributed within the tube to obtain accurate measurements.

Step 4: Sample Preparation for Solution Samples

a) Solvent Selection: Select a suitable solvent that will dissolve the sample and meet the requirements of the EPR experiment. Common solvents include water, ethanol, chloroform, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

b) Concentration Determination: The concentration of paramagnetic material in solution is measured using established techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy or through a known calibration curve.

c) Sample Loading: Pipette the appropriate volume of solution into an EPR tube or sample holder. Take care to avoid air bubbles, which can affect the EPR signal and introduce artifacts.

Step 5: Sample Storage and Handling

Once the EPR samples have been prepared, store them under the appropriate conditions for the stability of the samples and the requirements of the experiment. Protect the sample from light, moisture, and temperature fluctuations to maintain its integrity.

>> Conclusion:

Preparation of EPR samples is a critical step for successful EPR experiments. Whether grinding and weighing a solid sample or preparing a solution, careful attention to detail and sample integrity are critical. Well-prepared samples ensure accurate and reliable EPR measurements and allow researchers to explore the fascinating world of electron parametric resonance.

It is also important to familiarize yourself with the specific instructions and guidelines provided by the EPR instrument manufacturer. CIQTEK EPR spectrometers offer comprehensive and detailed EPR sample configuration tutorials and a well-established team of dedicated professionals to answer questions and are fully committed to solving user challenges, anytime, for any issue.

In recent years, rear view cameras have become a standard feature in many vehicles, offering drivers an extra layer of safety and convenience. But what exactly is a rear view camera for a car, and why has it become such an essential component? This article explores the purpose, benefits, and key features of rear view cameras, focusing on the rear view lens, particularly the F2.0 lens and the 1/4 lens.

A rear view camera, also known as a backup camera, is a specialized video camera attached to the rear of a vehicle. Its primary function is to capture a wide-angle view of the area directly behind the car and transmit the video feed to a monitor on the dashboard. This setup allows drivers to see what is behind them without having to turn their heads, significantly reducing the risk of accidents during reversing maneuvers.

The rear view lens is a crucial component of the rear view camera system. The lens determines the field of view and the quality of the image captured. One common type of lens used in these cameras is the 1/4 lens. The term "1/4 lens" refers to the size of the image sensor in the camera, which is one-quarter of an inch. This small but powerful lens is designed to provide a wide field of view, typically between 120 and 170 degrees, enabling drivers to see obstacles, pedestrians, and other vehicles that might not be visible through the rearview mirrors alone.

The F2.0 lens is another important feature of many rear view cameras. The F2.0 lens refers to the aperture size of the lens, which affects the amount of light that enters the camera. A lower F-number indicates a larger aperture, allowing more light to enter the camera. The F2.0 lens is known for its excellent low-light performance, making it ideal for use in rear view cameras. With an F2.0 lens, drivers can expect clearer and brighter images, even in low-light conditions such as during nighttime or in poorly lit parking garages.

One of the primary benefits of a rear view camera is enhanced safety. According to statistics, a significant number of accidents occur while reversing, particularly in parking lots and driveways. These incidents often involve children, pets, or objects that are difficult to see from the driver's seat. By providing a clear view of the area behind the vehicle, a rear view camera can help prevent such accidents, making it easier to detect and avoid potential hazards.

In addition to safety, rear view cameras also offer greater convenience. Parking in tight spaces, parallel parking, and backing out of crowded areas become much simpler tasks with the assistance of a rear view camera. The wide-angle view provided by the 1/4 lens ensures that drivers can accurately judge distances and navigate with confidence.

The integration of both the F2.0 lens and the 1/4 lens in rear view cameras also contributes to improved image quality. Despite its small size, the 1/4 lens is capable of capturing high-resolution images, ensuring that the video feed displayed on the dashboard monitor is clear and detailed. The F2.0 lens further enhances this clarity by improving low-light performance, ensuring that drivers have a clear view regardless of lighting conditions.

Moreover, many modern rear view cameras come equipped with additional features to further enhance their functionality. For instance, some models include guidelines or grid lines superimposed on the video feed to assist with parking and alignment. Others may offer night vision capabilities, utilizing infrared technology to improve visibility in the dark. These features, combined with the advanced optics of the F2.0 lens and the 1/4 lens, make rear view cameras an invaluable tool for drivers.

A rear view camera for a car is a vital safety and convenience feature that has become increasingly common in modern vehicles. The rear view lens, particularly the F2.0 lens and the 1/4 lens, plays a pivotal role in providing a wide field of view and high-quality images, ensuring that drivers have a clear and comprehensive view of the area behind their vehicle. By enhancing safety and making reversing maneuvers easier, rear view cameras contribute to a more secure and stress-free driving experience.

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is a microscopy technique that uses a focused electron beam to create detailed images of the surface of a sample. The electron beam scans the sample in a raster pattern, and the resulting signals generated by interactions between the electron beam and the sample's surface are detected and used to form an image. SEM provides high-resolution three-dimensional surface images and is widely used in various fields, including material characterization, nanotechnology, and biological research.

Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS): EDS is an analytical technique often used with SEM. It detects characteristic X-rays emitted by a sample when it is bombarded with an electron beam. The energy and intensity of these X-rays provide information about the elemental composition of the sample. SEM EDS allows the identification and quantification of elements present in the sample, offering valuable insights into its elemental makeup and chemical characterization.

Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX): EDX is another term for EDS and refers to the analysis and investigation of samples using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It involves the detection and analysis of X-rays emitted from a sample, which carries information about the elements present and their concentrations. SEM EDX is a powerful tool for qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis, identifying trace elements, and mapping elemental distribution across a sample.

The combination of SEM and EDS/EDX offers several advantages and applications:

1. Elemental Analysis

SEM EDS/EDX allows for qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of samples. It can identify the chemical composition and elemental distribution within a material, including trace elements.

2. Material Characterization

This technique is widely used for characterizing various materials, such as metals, minerals, polymers, ceramics, and biological samples. It helps determine the elemental composition, the presence of impurities, and the identification of phases or compounds within a sample.

3. Failure Analysis

SEM EDS/EDX is valuable in investigating material-related failures and defects. It can identify the causes of failures by analyzing the elemental composition and identifying foreign particles or contaminants.

4. Geological Analysis

SEM EDS/EDX is extensively utilized in geology to study the composition and structure of rocks, minerals, and soil. It aids in the identification of minerals, the study of rock textures, and the analysis of geological processes.

5. Forensic Science

SEM EDS/EDX plays a crucial role in forensic investigations, assisting in the analysis of trace evidence, such as fibers, gunshot residue, paint chips, and glass fragments. It can help identify and compare materials found at a crime scene.

Overall, EDS/EDX in SEM is a powerful analytical tool that combines imaging and elemental analysis. It finds applications in various fields, including materials science, geology, forensic science, environmental analysis, biology, and archaeology.

CIQTEK's self-developed SEM Microscopes offer a wide range of electron detectors, such as BSED, STEM, EDS, EDX, EBSD, In-lens, ETD, etc. 

CIQTEK, a leading provider of advanced scientific instruments, announces the successful completion of a comprehensive training program focused on the operation and application of cutting-edge Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) series with GSEM KOREA. The training took place at CIQTEK Application Center from August 7th to 8th and aimed to enhance agent's expertise in high-resolution imaging for various scientific disciplines, providing valuable insights into the advanced features and functionalities.

The program featured a team of experienced trainers and technical experts from CIQTEK, who guided attendees through the intricacies of SEM operation. Participants gained insights into sample preparation techniques, imaging parameters optimization, and data analysis methodologies to obtain high-quality images and extract valuable information from the samples with precision.

Dr. Lisa, Senior Applications Scientist at CIQTEK, expressed her enthusiasm for the successful collaboration with GSEM KOREA, stating, "We are thrilled to have partnered with GSEM KOREA to deliver this comprehensive training program. And through this training, we aimed to equip researchers with the necessary skills to leverage these instruments effectively."

CIQTEK is committed to promoting scientific advancements and empowering researchers with cutting-edge technologies. By organizing training programs and partnering with leading company like GSEM KOREA, CIQTEK continues to facilitate knowledge exchange and foster innovation in scientific research.

Research Publications

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental: S2-doping inducing self-adapting dual anion defects in ZnSn(OH)6 for highly efficient photoactivity.

Application of CIQTEK EPR200-Plus Series

AFM: Simultaneous CO2 and H2O Activation via Integrated Cu Single Atom and N Vacancy Dual-Site for Enhanced CO Photo-Production.

Application of CIQTEK EPR200-Plus Series

Background

In the past century, with the massive growth of population and the continuous expansion of industrial scale, large amounts of traditional fossil energy such as oil, coal, and natural gas have been burned, resulting in problems such as resource shortages and environmental pollution. How to solve these problems has always been the direction of research. With the introduction of policies such as "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutrality", limited resources can no longer meet people's growing development needs, and it is of great significance to seek a sustainable solution. Scientists have focused on many sustainable energy sources. Among clean energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, geothermal energy and tidal energy, solar energy stands out due to its clean, renewable and huge energy. How to make full use of solar energy and in Solving energy shortages and reducing pollution emissions while applying it to the degradation of pollutants has become a research direction that researchers are committed to.

At present, photocatalytic materials are roughly divided into two categories: inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts and organic semiconductor photocatalysts. Inorganic semiconductor photocatalysts mainly include: metal oxides, metal nitrides, and metal sulfides; organic semiconductor photocatalysts include: g-C3N4, linear covalent polymers, covalent porous polymers, covalent organic frameworks, and covalent triazines Organic framework. Based on the principle of photocatalysis, photocatalytic semiconductors are used in photocatalytic water splitting, photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic organic synthesis, and photocatalytic production of ammonia.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technology is currently the only method that can directly, in-situ, and non-destructively detect unpaired electrons. EPR technology can directly detect vacancies (oxygen vacancies, nitrogen vacancies, sulfur vacancies, etc.) and doped electrons in photocatalytic materials. The valence state of heterotransition metals. In addition, EPR technology can also detect free radicals such as e-, h+, •OH, O2•-, 1O2, SO3•- generated on the surface of the photocatalyst.

EPR Technology Test Examples

CN (Cu1/N2CV-CN) photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction

(1) EPR technology directly detects transition metal copper and N2C vacancies in the photocatalytic material CN;

(2)EPR technology supports the analysis results of XAFS. The EPR spectrum shows three peaks corresponding to g‖ of Cu, indicating that the coordination of the Cu center with three identical N atoms is attributed to the ultra-fine interaction between Cu atoms and nearby N atoms.

(3) EPR technology can detect the hydroxyl radicals generated on the surface of the photocatalyst to identify the photocatalyst performance; with the introduction of N2C vacancies, the intensity of hydroxyl radicals increases significantly, promoting the dissociation of water.

Zn2SnO4 photocatalytic degradation of NO

(1) EPR technology directly detects oxygen vacancies in photocatalytic materials;

(2) EPR technology detects and characterizes hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, and singlet oxygen generated on the surface of photocatalytic materials, verifies the performance of photocatalytic materials, and optimizes the NO degradation process;

(3) As the illumination time increases, the concentrations of O2•-, •OH, and 1O2 increase, which promotes the removal of NO; the photocatalyst BZTO-5 that introduces double anion defect sites produces more O2•-, •OH, and 1O2 than ZTO. The higher equal concentration indicates that the double anion defect site photocatalyst has better photocatalytic performance;

(4) EPR technology can directly prove the results of free radical quenching experiments and directly verify the NO degradation mechanism.

CIQTEK Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

CIQTEK has currently launched a full range of commercial X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometers with core independent intellectual property rights:

X-Band Pulse EPR Spectroscopy | EPR100

X-Band CW-EPR Spectroscopy | EPR200-Plus

Benchtop EPR Spectroscopy | EPR200M

W-Band High-frequency EPR Spectroscopy | EPR-W900

It has important and extensive applications in the fields of chemistry, environment, materials physics, bio-medicine, food, and industry.

With the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, the computing power and data transmission needs of AI clusters are increasing. To meet this demand, optical module technology is also advancing. High-rate optical modules, as a new generation of high-speed optical communication solutions, are being gradually applied to AI clusters to provide them with more efficient and stable data transmission capabilities. The port rate of optical modules interconnected in the computer room of the Smart Computing Center has reached 800G, and continues to evolve to high speed (1.6T/3.2T).

I.The next five years in the AI cluster Ethernet optical module demand forecasts

As early as July 23, LightCounting (hereinafter referred to as LC), a research institute within the optical communications industry, released the "Super Data Center Optics Report", which indicated that the total sales of Ethernet optical modules for AI clusters in the next five years will reach $17.6 billion, accounting for 38% of all Ethernet optical modules market. The report forecasts the global Ethernet optical module market size to be around $5.2 billion, $6.5 billion, and $8.3 billion in 2023, 2024, and 2025, respectively, upwardly revised by around 8%, 25%, and 43% from last year's Q1 report, respectively, and it can be seen that the vast majority of incremental growth is coming from the demand for AI clusters, and the organization believes that the application of AI clusters will set off a whole new wave of demand for optical products.

At the same time, LC also said that the new design of large enterprise AI systems will require more optics, and the deployment of head enterprise networks in the next two years may require 2 million 400G SR4 optical modules and 6 million 800G SR8 optical modules. In response, LC significantly raised its 2024 & 2025 Ethernet optical module market forecast, and if combined with the new demand from head enterprises, the digital pass optical module market is highly resilient. Super Ethernet Alliance was established to target high-performance AI cluster networks, Ethernet AI optical modules and application front-end network upgrades will constitute a market driver beyond the head enterprises in the optical communications industry.

II.Development and Application of High-Speed Optical Module in AI Cluster

In AI applications, the surge in data volume puts higher requirements on the bandwidth of optical interconnection technology. Currently, many short-distance links constructed with 400G SR4 and 800G SR8 optical modules use VCSEL lasers with an operating rate of 106Gb/s. The next step in the evolution of the technology is to increase the single-lane rate of the optical channel to 200G/lane, in conjunction with the number of 4-channel optical channels, to further reduce the cost and power consumption of the 800G module; and to synchronously evolve to a single-module bandwidth to 1.6T (8-channel optical path).

In AI clusters, 400G SR4 optical modules are commonly used for the connection between servers and switches. Since AI training and inference processes require large amounts of data transmission, high-speed and stable network connectivity is critical. 400G SR4 optical modules can provide sufficient bandwidth and low-latency transmission environments to ensure that AI model training and data processing are carried out efficiently. 800G SR8 optical modules are mainly used for core network connectivity in mega-scale AI clusters and data centers. As the complexity of AI models and the amount of data increase, 800G SR8 optical modules can provide the required high bandwidth and low latency connections to support the rapid transmission and processing of massive data.

III.Optical interconnect technology innovation in AI scenarios

Low power consumption and low latency are indispensable features of optical interconnect technology. Low power consumption means less energy consumption and lower operating costs, while low latency means faster response time and higher data processing efficiency. To meet these demands, optical interconnect technology needs to be optimized in design to reduce energy loss and improve transmission efficiency.

AI requires high system stability, so optical interconnect technology must be highly reliable. This requires us to optimize the end-to-end design of the system to ensure the stability and reliability of data transmission. At the same time, we also need to focus on the evolvability and interconnectivity of LPOs to adapt to the evolving needs of AI technology.

In addition, intelligent operation and maintenance of optical interconnection technology is becoming increasingly important. Intelligent O&M can not only help enterprises monitor the operation status of the system in real time, but also carry out predictive maintenance based on data analysis to improve the availability and stability of the system. In addition, intelligent O&M can help us optimize resource allocation and improve the overall performance of the system.

Silicon optical technology is expected to see high growth as the rate increases and single-mode downlink accelerates. With its advantages of high speed, low power consumption and miniaturization, silicon optical technology plays an increasingly important role in optical interconnection technology in AI scenarios. We have reason to believe that silicon optical technology will play an even more important role in future AI applications.

We all know that the traditional 100G optical module uses 4x25G optical channels parallel or wavelength division multiplexing for transmission, and the mainstream optical modules on the market are mainly 100G SR4/CWDM4/PSM4/LR4/ZR4 and so on. The 100G single-wave optical module we introduce to you today uses single-wavelength 100G PAM4 modulation technology, which can better reduce production costs and obtain higher transmission efficiency.

I.the difference between the traditional 100G optical module and 100G single-wave optical module

The traditional 100G optical module uses 4x25G NRZ technology. Using four separate transmit and receive channels, four 25Gb/s electrical data can be converted into four LAN WDM optical signals, which can then be multiplexed into one 100Gb/s optical transmission. At the receiving end, the 100Gb/s optical input is demultiplexed into a 4-channel LAN WDM optical signal, which is then converted into a 4-channel electrical data output.

In addition, the traditional 100G optical module requires separate transmitting and receiving devices on each channel, which not only increases the power consumption and space occupation of the optical module, but also increases the cost. The 100G single-wave optical module converts four 25Gbps NRZ signals at the end of the circuit into a single 53Gbps signal through DSP processing of PAM chip by driving the cooled electric absorption modulated DFB laser (EML). This technology significantly increases the signal transmission rate and effectively reduces the number of signal channels required compared to traditional NRZ modulation technology.

The 100G single-wave optical module uses the more advanced PSM4 parallel transmission technology, reducing the number of light transmitting and receiving units from 4 to 1, which can reduce the cost by more than 40%. Because 100G single-wave technology uses single-channel PAM4 technology, this innovation makes it feasible to smoothly upgrade 100G to 4x100G (400G optical module).

II.ETU-LINK 100G single wave series products

ETU-LINK 100G single-wave optical module currently has four models: 100G QSFP28 DR1/FR1/LR1/ER1. They are suitable for services that use single-mode fiber for high-speed data communication of 100Gb/s, operating at 1310nm, and the optical signal is multiplexed to the single-mode fiber using a duplex LC connector. The series is designed according to QSFP28 multi-source Protocol (MSA) with form factor, optical/electrical connection and digital diagnostic interface. The 100G QSFP28 optical module has a maximum transmission link of 40km in single-mode OS2 optical fiber, and is usually used in data center interconnection, 100G Ethernet, enterprise networks and other fields.

As a professional platform for a full range of optical networking products and services, ETU-LINK provides you with a reliable and cost-effective, cost-saving single-wave 100G QSFP28 optical module in an airtight package (or non-airtight) solution. The content of this article is over here, if you want to know more product information, you can leave a message or private message below the article, more content we see next time!

With the rapid development of information technology and the increasing demand for network, the demand for high-speed and high-bandwidth data transmission equipment is becoming increasingly urgent. As a high-speed optical module, 800G is becoming the "new darling" of data centers. In this issue, we will take a look at the technical principle of 800G OSFP 2xSR4 optical module products and its application prospects.

I.800G OSFP 2xSR4 Optical module Overview

The ETU-LINK 800G OSFP 2xSR4 optical module is a fiber optic transceiver module designed for 100m optical communication applications and is designed for data center 800G SR8 Ethernet links. The module converts 8 channels of 100Gb/s(PAM4) electrical input data into 8 parallel optical signals of 100Gb/s each for a total data rate of 800Gb/s. At the receiving end, the module converts 8 channels of parallel optical signals (100Gb/s each, with a total data rate of 800Gb/s) into 8 channels of 100Gb/s(PAM4) electrical output data.

The fiber optical patch cord with dual MPO-12 connectors can be plugged into the 800G OSFP SR8 module socket, enabling 800G data interconnection up to 100m.

II. Application prospect of 800G OSFP 2xSR4 optical module

With the booming development of cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other fields, the demand for high-performance network equipment continues to increase. As the representative of current technology level, 800G OSFP 2xSR4 optical module has broad application prospects.

Data centers and cloud networks: As the core of information processing and storage, data centers have extremely high requirements for high-speed, high-bandwidth network connections. The high-density design and high-speed transmission rate of the 800G OSFP 2xSR4 optical module make it an ideal choice for data center network upgrades to meet the needs of large-scale data transmission.

5G communication network: With the commercial advancement of 5G technology, the demand for optical communication technology is also increasing. The 800G OSFP 2xSR4 optical transceiver module has the advantages in transmission rate and stability, and can be used as an optical fiber transmission channel to achieve high-speed data transmission between different nodes, making it an important part of the 5G communication network to support high-speed and large-capacity data transmission.

Artificial intelligence supercomputing: The development of big data, AI technology, and intelligent supercomputing technology requires the support and matching of high-speed optical modules, so the demand for 800G optical modules will gradually increase.

This article ends here, 800G OSFP 2xSR4 optical module as a low power consumption, high reliability, economical and energy-saving pluggable optical transceiver module, its emergence for the development of modern communication technology provides a huge support power.

About ETU-LINK

ETU-LINK has been a leading manufacturer of optical modules, Dacs and AOC for nearly a decade. We are proud of not only the honor of being a high-tech enterprise, but also the rich experience we have accumulated in the field of optical modules. Whether in technological innovation or product quality, we always adhere to the pursuit of excellence, to provide customers with high-quality optical communication solutions. If you want to know more about ETU-LINK DAC products, you can send us a private message or leave a message, we will get back to you as soon as possible after receiving relevant inquiries!