The 2024 IFA Show is globally recognized as one of the most significant platforms for consumer electronics and home appliances. Attendees will have the opportunity to:

• Experience First-Hand: Get hands-on experience with LVSUN’s innovative chargers and see the technology in action.
• Engage with Experts: Speak directly with LVSUN's team to gain insights into the future of charging technology.
• Explore Networking Opportunities: Connect with industry players, distributors, and tech enthusiasts who share a passion for innovative solutions.

 Conclusion

As the 2024 IFA Show approaches, LVSUN GROUP is excited to unveil their pioneering higher-power USB-C chargers that promise to transform the way we think about charging our devices. Join us at the show to witness the future of technology and innovation firsthand!

Stay tuned for more updates from LVSUN as we gear up for an electrifying event in Berlin!

International Conference on Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems(ICMRBS 2024)

 

 

It is our great pleasure to invite you to the 30th International Conference on Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems (ICMRBS 2024) which is scheduled to be held from August 18 (Sun) to 23 (Fri), 2024 in Seoul, Korea.

 

ICMRBS 2024 will be an ideal platform where we can freely share and discuss the current status and future directions of scientific and technological achievements in magnetic resonance.

 

EPR has so much to offer and so much to learn, and we aspire for this conference be the place where these conversations happen!

 

Meet us at Booth 22~26

Date: August 18 – August 23, 2024

Location:  COEX, Grand Ballroom, North Gate 513, Yeongdong-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful technique for imaging and analyzing high-resolution nanoscale materials. Electron detectors are important components of the SEM, and they are responsible for capturing electrons and converting them into electrical signals. To obtain accurate and reliable results, it is crucial to choose the right electron detector. This article will discuss the key factors to consider when selecting an SEM electron detector.

 

Imaging Modes:

SEM detectors can operate in a variety of imaging modes, each with unique advantages. The most common imaging modes are secondary electron (SE) imaging and backscattered electron (BSE) imaging. SE imaging provides high-resolution surface information, while BSE imaging is well suited for compositional analysis due to its sensitivity to atomic number variations. Please consider the specific requirements of your study or analysis to determine the most appropriate imaging modality.

 

Detection Performance:

The sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an electronic detector are key factors in the quality of an SEM image. High-performance detectors should have low noise levels and be able to detect weak signals. In addition, a sensitive detector captures more signals and facilitates the examination of various types of samples. Evaluate the detection performance metrics of different detectors and select the one that meets your analytical needs.

 

Energy Range and Resolution:

The energy range and resolution of an electron detector determines its ability to recognize and differentiate between electrons of different energy levels. Higher energy resolution allows for accurate characterization of material properties and elemental composition. Consider the energy range required for a specific application, such as low-energy imaging or high-atomic number material analysis, and select a detector with the appropriate energy range and resolution.

 

Specimen Geometry and Specimen Conductivity:

The geometric design of the SEM sample chamber should also be considered when selecting an electron detector. Different detector designs can accommodate different sample geometries, such as large or irregular samples. In addition, the conductivity of the sample can affect the choice of detector type. Materials with poor conductivity may require a specially designed detector such as the Everhart-Thornley detector. Evaluate the compatibility of the detector with the sample type and geometry.

 

Environmental Factors:

SEM electron detectors operate under different experimental conditions. Some detectors operate in high vacuum conditions, while others are suitable for low vacuum or environmental SEM (ESEM) environments. Consider your specific experimental requirements, such as the need for a controlled gas environment or the ability to analyze samples with variable atmospheric conditions, and select a detector that is compatible with the desired operating conditions.

 

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Choosing the right SEM electron detector is critical to obtaining high-quality imaging and analysis results. When selecting a detector, factors such as imaging mode, detection performance, energy range and resolution, specimen geometry, specimen conductivity, and environmental compatibility should be considered. By carefully evaluating these factors, researchers and users can ensure that the selected SEM electron detector meets the specific needs of their experiments, resulting in more accurate and in-depth observations at the nanoscale.

 

CIQTEK's self-developed SEM offers a wide range of electron detectors, such as BSED, STEM, EDS, EDX, EBSD, In-lens, ETD, etc. 

 

RF-star, a leading global manufacturer of wireless modules, announces the upcoming release of its highly anticipated RF-TI1354P1 Wi-SUN module. Scheduled for launch in August, this innovative module based on TI CC135410 SoC, is poised to empower large-scale IoT deployments with its multiprotocol, dual-band capabilities, catering to the growing demands of smart cities, smart energy, grid infrastructure and industrial IoT sectors.

 

Figure 1 RF-TI1354P1 Wi-SUN Module Is Coming Soon

The RF-TI1354P1 module, promises to deliver a robust performance with wireless bands of 800 MHz - 928 MHz and 2.4 GHz. It can coexist and operate concurrently in multiple wireless stacks, eg. Bluetooth Low Energy 5.3, Matter, Thread, Wi-SUN, Zigbee protocol through a DMM driver.

Equipped with 1024 kB Flash and 288 kB RAM, the Sub-1GHz transceiver is designed to operate as a border router, extending its reach to up to 300 border router nodes. In a mesh network, each device can establish multiple and robust connections with nearby devices. Its self-healing and self-configuration capacities provide a more robust network and reduced downtime for the thousands of connected nodes. This feature is particularly advantageous for complex, distributed IoT applications that require extensive connectivity and reliable data transmission.

Figure 2 Wi-SUN mesh network topology

 

“The introduction of the RF-TI1354P1 module marks a new era in IoT connectivity,” said Ben Qiu, GM of RF-star. “Its extensive nodes within a network will greatly enhance the scalability and flexibility of IoT solutions, making it ideal for smart city, grid infrastructures and industrial applications.”

The RF-TI1354P1 module is expected to build upon the success of RF-star's existing Wi-SUN modules, including the RF-SM-1277B1 and RF-TI1352P2, which have already established a strong reputation for their low power consumption, high data throughput, and ease of deployment. The new module's dual-band capability and extended node support will further solidify RF-star's position at the forefront of IoT wireless communication technology.

 

Figure 3 RF-star’s Wi-SUN Modules Support Border Router Node, Router Node, Leaf Node.

 

As the global Wi-SUN technology market is predicted to grow at a CAGR of 13.45% between 2024-2032, the RF-TI1354P1 module's release could not be timelier. It aligns with the market's shift towards more interconnected and intelligent systems, particularly in the realms of smart cities and energy management.

RF-star's dedication to innovation is evident in its development of high-performance Wi-SUN modules, which are set to empower a new wave of IoT applications. These advancements aim to enhance connectivity efficiency, reduce costs, and ultimately improve the user experience.

For more information on RF-star and its upcoming Wi-SUN module, please visit www.rfstariot.com

About RF-star

Shenzhen RF-star Technology Co., Ltd (RF-star) is a leading global provider of wireless communication modules and solutions, specializing in low-power modules for IoT, industrial, automotive, and consumer applications. With over a decade of expertise in Bluetooth and IoT communication technology, RF-star enriches smart life with reliable, secure, and intelligent wireless connectivity.

RF-star's product portfolio ranges from BLE modules, ZigBee modules, WiFi modules, Sub-1Ghz modules, Matter modules, Thread Modules, UWB modules and Wi-SUN modules, alongside customized services. As an official third-party IDH of TI and a trusted partner worldwide, RF-star is committed to delivering cutting-edge wireless solutions.

Molecular sieves are artificially synthesized hydrated aluminosilicates or natural zeolites with molecular sieving properties. They have uniformly sized pores and well-arranged channels and cavities in their structure. Molecular sieves of different pore sizes can separate molecules of different sizes and shapes. They possess functions such as adsorption, catalysis, and ion exchange, which give them tremendous potential applications in various fields such as petrochemical engineering, environmental protection, biomedical, and energy.

 

In 1925, the molecular separation effect of zeolite was first reported, and zeolite acquired a new name — molecular sieve. However, the small pore size of zeolite molecular sieves limited their application range, so researchers turned their attention to the development of mesoporous materials with larger pore sizes. Mesoporous materials (a class of porous materials with pore sizes ranging from 2 to 50 nm) have extremely high surface area, regularly ordered pore structures, and continuously adjustable pore sizes. Since their inception, mesoporous materials have become one of the interdisciplinary frontiers.

 

For molecular sieves, particle size and particle size distribution are important physical parameters that directly affect product process performance and utility, particularly in catalyst research. The crystal grain size, pore structure, and preparation conditions of molecular sieves have significant effects on catalyst performance. Therefore, exploring changes in molecular sieve crystal morphology, precise control of their shape, and regulating and enhancing catalytic performance are of great significance and have always been important aspects of molecular sieve research. Scanning electron microscopy provides important microscopic information for studying the structure-performance relationship of molecular sieves, aiding in guiding the synthesis optimization and performance control of molecular sieves.

 

ZSM-5 molecular sieve has an MFI structure. The product selectivity, reactivity and stability of MFI-type molecular sieve catalysts with different crystal morphologies may vary depending on the morphology.

 

Figure 1(a) MFI skeleton topology

 

The following are images of ZSM-5 molecular sieve captured using the CIQTEK High-Resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope SEM5000X.

 

Figure 1(b) ZSM-5 molecular sieve/500V/Inlens

SBA-15 is a common silicon-based mesoporous material with a two-dimensional hexagonal pore structure, with pore sizes typically ranging from 3 to 10 nm. Most mesoporous materials are non-conductive, and the commonly used pre-treatment method of coating (with Pt or Au) may block the nanoscale pores, affecting the characterization of their microstructure.

 

Therefore, such samples are usually not subjected to any coating pre-treatment, which requires the scanning electron microscope to have ultra-high resolution imaging capability even at extremely low voltages.

 

The following are images of SBA-15 molecular sieve captured using the CIQTEK High-Resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope SEM5000X.

 

Figure 2 SBA-15/500V/Inlens

 

SBA-15/500V/Inlens

The SEM5000X is a high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscope with a breakthrough resolution of 0.6 nm @ 15 kV and 1.0 nm @ 1 kV.

 

Equipped with an in-column deceleration technology, the SEM5000X supports an optional sample stage deceleration mode to further reduce lens aberration and improve image resolution at low voltages.

 

The term "deceleration" refers to applying negative pressure on the sample stage to decelerate the high-energy electron beam before it reaches the sample surface. In the deceleration mode, it maintains brightness, signal-to-noise ratio, and high resolution under high accelerating voltage, while effectively reducing sample charging at low landing voltage. Additionally, under the influence of the deceleration electric field, the signal electrons are accelerated, improving the detection efficiency of the corresponding detectors and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of low voltage images

Some beginners of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy often face problems such as unclear basic principles, difficulty analyzing spectra, and unskilled operation of instruments.

To help our users better utilize EPR spectroscopy, CIQTEK launched this "EPR Mini-course" series to answer the problems encountered by users in their EPR studies and experiments.

Please feel free to email us at info@ciqtek.com for your specific questions.

 

Q1: An accessory used to determine orientation-dependent samples (e.g., single crystals) is a (   ).

A. Goniometer

B. Field/frequency lock system

C. Gaussmeter

D. Xenon lamp

------

Answer: A

 

Q2: The following options are important applications of high-frequency (e.g., W-band) EPR technology ( )?

A. Direct detection of living organisms 

B. To improve the sensitivity of detection of small numbers of samples [the same number as in low-frequency (e.g., X-band) detection].  

C. To improve spectral resolution

------

Answer: BC

 

Q3: True or False: For EPR testing, microwave power should be reduced before changing samples. 

------

Answer: True.

For EPR testing, make sure to reduce the microwave power to less than 40 dB. It is not permitted to remove the sample from the resonant cavity under high microwave power or to move the sample drastically, otherwise, serious detuning of the microwave bridge circuit may be caused, and the detector diode may even be burned out.

 

Q4: The viscosity of a solvent affects the rate of movement of the molecules, which in turn affects their EPR spectra. The figure below shows the EPR spectra of TEMPOL in water or glycerol system, the correct match is ( ). 

A. ①water system; ②glycerol system 

B. ①glycerol system; ②water system

------

Answer: A.

Glycerol is more viscous than water, and in the glycerol system, the motion of the TEMPOL molecules slows down and exhibits an anisotropic spectral signature.

 

This session is over. See you next time!

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a powerful experimental technique for studying paramagnetic species' electronic structure and properties. In EPR spectroscopy, the g-value plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior and environment of unpaired electrons in paramagnetic systems. This article aims to provide an overview of g-values and their significance in EPR spectroscopy.

 

1. Understanding the g-value:

The g-value, the spectral splitting factor or Landé g-factor, describes the relationship between the magnetic field and the energy levels of unpaired electrons in a paramagnetic system. It determines the resonant frequency of the EPR signal and can be used to identify and characterize paramagnetic species.

 

2. The g-value formula:

The g-value is calculated using the following formula:

 

g = (hf)/(μB * B)

 

where

 

g is the spectral splitting factor

h is Planck's constant

f is the EPR signal frequency

μB is the Bohr magneton (physical constant)

B is the strength of the applied magnetic field

The g value depends on the magnitude and direction of the applied magnetic field and provides information about the electronic structure and its interaction with the magnetic field.

 

3. Significance of g-value:

a. Identification of paramagnetic species: The g-value is unique for each paramagnetic species and can be used to distinguish between different species. By comparing the experimentally measured g-value to a reference value, scientists can identify unknown paramagnetic species.

 

b. Detecting the electronic environment: The g-value is sensitive to the local electronic environment around unpaired electrons. Factors such as coordination field, coordination geometry, and the spin density of the unpaired electrons all affect the g-value. Analyzing changes in the g-value can provide insight into the electronic structure of a system and its surrounding environment.

 

c. Study of electron delocalization: In systems with multiple interacting unpaired electrons, the g-value provides information about the degree of electron delocalization. larger g-values indicate a higher degree of electron spin localization, while smaller g-values indicate a higher degree of electron localization.

 

d. Quantification of Magnetic Anisotropy: The g value helps in determining the degree of magnetic anisotropy, which is the dependence of the magnetic properties of a system on the direction of the applied magnetic field. g deviates from the free-electron value (2.0023) indicating the presence of an anisotropic factor.

 

4. Factors affecting the g value:

Several factors affect the g value, including the nature of the paramagnetic center, the coordination environment, the presence of neighboring atoms or molecules, and the effect of spin-orbit coupling. These factors add to the complexity of interpreting EPR spectra and require careful analysis and theoretical calculations.

 

The g value plays a fundamental role in EPR spectroscopy, providing valuable information about the electronic structure, environment, and magnetic properties of paramagnetic species. By understanding the significance of the g-value and its relation to the applied magnetic field, scientists can gain insight into the behavior and properties of unpaired electrons, thereby facilitating the characterization and study of various paramagnetic systems.

 

Check more EPR-related application notes

 

Check CIQTEK EPR series products.

Contact: info@ciqtek.com or check the Contact Page to leave us a message

Introduction

The digital revolution has brought the Internet of Things (IoT) into the fabric of our daily lives. Wi-SUN technology, celebrated for its robust performance and versatile applications, has become a favored option for large-scale IoT implementations. This article explores the Wi-SUN technology market, its main benefits, use cases and applications, and RF-star’s implementation of Wi-SUN.

Wi-SUN Technology Market

Recent Wi-SUN Technology Market Research Report by Business Research Insight and Market Research Future indicate that the global Wi-SUN technology market, valued at USD 319.27 million in 2022, is predicted to reach USD 14.568 billion at a whopping 13.45% CAGR between 2024-2032. This surge is fueled by ongoing proliferation of smart meters, sensors, and IoT devices, as well as the accelerated digital transformation spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic. Notably, North America stands out as a region with significant adoption of Wi-SUN technology.

Figure1：Wi-SUN Technology Market Size, 2023-2032 (USD Billion)

Source: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/wi-sun-technology-market-8695

Wi-SUN Overview

What is Wi-SUN?

Wi-SUN, or Wireless Smart Ubiquitous Network, is a wireless communication network based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. It delivers a high-performance, low-power, long-range, robust anti-interference, high data throughput, and highly secure wireless communication solution.

As a mesh network, it facilitates long-distance communication and high-data transmission between IoT devices through frequency-hopping and self-configuration technology. The network also features self-healing capability.

Wi-SUN: HAN vs. FAN

Wi-SUN supports two primary operational profiles: Home Area Network (HAN) and the Field Area Network (FAN):

 

• HAN: Home Area Network HAN currently has several types, including Router B and enhanced HAN (supporting relay transmission). Router B refers to the Home Energy Management System (HEMS) controller, connecting smart appliances and smart meters. It enables real-time monitoring of smart appliance energy consumption and communication with FAN for smart city applications, enhancing the smart home environment.
• FAN: Field Area Network Wi-SUN FAN is a mesh network where each device can establish multiple connections with nearby devices, scaling up to thousands of nodes. Each node provides typical long-distance hops. If an end-device fails to connect with another, it will automatically re-configure to an alternate path for other end-devices to the router node. This makes it ideal for large-scale infrastructure such as smart grids and streetlights. The Wi-SUN topology is illustrated below:

 

Figure 2 Wi-SUN network topology

Benefits of Wi-SUN Network

 

• Low Latency and High Data Throughput: Wi-SUN’s mesh topology, ensures a low-latency communication experience and supports high data throughput, catering to the demands of large-scale IoT deployments.
• Low Power Consumption: Wi-SUN devices typically use battery power, significantly reducing energy consumption and extending device life.
• Ease of Deployment and Scalability: Its straightforward network structure and support for self-forming networks make Wi-SUN an ideal choice for large-scale applications, with the flexibility to expand as the IoT ecosystem evolves.
• High Security: Wi-SUN offers multiple layers of security mechanisms, such as advanced authentication, to ensure the safety of data transmission.
• Interoperability: Based on the open standard IEEE 802.15.4, Wi-SUN supports data interoperability between end devices, enhancing overall network efficiency and application coverage.
• Cost-Effectiveness: By integrating self-forming and adaptive frequency hopping technologies, Wi-SUN reduces overall costs, particularly suitable for in a wide range of IoT applications.
• Wide Area Coverage: Using radio waves in the Sub-1GHz band (860MHz band, 920MHz band, and other bands below 1GHz), Wi-SUN offers longer reach and less radiofrequency interference with other electronic devices and obstacles. It is ideal for connecting utilities such as smart cities, smart homes, and energy management systems.

 

Wi-SUN Applications

Wi-SUN technology is finding its place in various global applications:

Smart Cities

Wi-SUN's long-distance transmission, scalability, bidirectional communication, and low power consumption have led to its deployment in many cities for smart meters and streetlights. For example, a Smart Cities Living Lab in Hyderabad, India, utilizes Wi-SUN mesh network technology to manage city assets efficiently.

Smart Streetlights

Wi-SUN technology supports large-scale outdoor IoT networks, including AMI metering and distribution automation, offering smart streetlight solutions for cities. In London, Wi-SUN mesh networks power streetlights, reducing maintenance costs and energy consumption while enhancing flexibility for aesthetic lighting and public safety.

Smart Meters

In smart cities, Wi-SUN technology enables real-time monitoring and management of electricity usage, optimizing energy distribution and reducing consumption.

Solar Power Plants

Wi-SUN networks allow for real-time monitoring of solar panel operations through intelligent monitoring systems, ensuring maximum power generation efficiency while minimizing environmental impact.

Smart Low Voltage Cabinets

In smart grids, Wi-SUN technology is used to deploy smart low-voltage cabinets, dynamically adjusting power supply and optimizing power distribution to enhance grid reliability and flexibility.

Industrial Facilities

Wi-SUN technology is also applied in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, providing non-proprietary solutions that make deployment more scalable, flexible, and secure.

RF-star Implementing Wi-SUN

As a global manufacturer of wireless modules, RF-star can supply a range of Wi-SUN modules based on TI CC1312 and CC1352 series chips.

Key Wi-SUN Modules

• RF-SM-1277B1: Based on the CC1312R MCU, this low-power wireless module is designed for Sub-1GHz band from 779 MHz to 930 MHz.
• RF-TI1352P2: Integrating a power amplifier, this module achieves a maximum transmit power of +20 dBm in the Sub-1 GHz band, offering a longer transmission distance and stronger penetration capability. Additionally, RF-TI1352P2 can operate in the 2.4 GHz band.

As shown below, the parameters of the Wi-SUN modules are listed:

Figure 3 RF-star’s Wi-SUN Modules

Upcoming Releases

In August, RF-star is set to launch a new Wi-SUN module based on the TI CC1354P10 SoC. This module is expected to be a multiprotocol and dual-band 800 MHz - 928 MHz and 2.4 GHz wireless module with 1024 kB Flash and 288 kB RAM. Notably, the RF-TI1354P1 module can operate as a border router, extending up to 300 nodes. This will provide robust support for large-scale, distributed IoT complex applications. Stay tuned!

Conclusion

Wi-SUN's unique mesh network architecture, combined with its low latency, high data throughput, low power consumption, ease of deployment and scalability, high security, interoperability, and long-range transmission capabilities, makes it an ideal solution for wide-area large-scale IoT applications. As the market for Wi-SUN continues to expand, its applications in smart cities, smart energy, and industrial IoT are growing, showcasing its potential to enhance connectivity efficiency, reduce costs, and improve user experience. With manufacturers like RF-star leading the development of high-performance Wi-SUN modules, the future of large-scale distributed IoT deployments looks promising.